The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.